Prenatal Supplements: Core Ingredients

Obsessively formulated with integrity and attention to detail

When we get pregnant, we do our best to eat right, get good sleep, and reduce stress. What most of us don’t consider is what we – both women and men – could be doing before we get pregnant.

In fact, your health leading up to conception may be even more important than your choices during your pregnancy.

With the right nutrients, we can affect how healthy our eggs and sperm are at the point of conception and give our baby the best possible start.

Core Ingredients for Women’s Preconception Supplements

Nutritional label
  • A
    About the Ingredient

    Oxidative stress is natural and happens throughout placental and fetal development. However, if mom is low in antioxidants such as Selenium, Vitamins A, C, E, Copper, and Manganese, oxidative stress can increase tissue damage and increase the risk of miscarriage, slow fetal growth, preeclampsia, and even diseases later in life for baby such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Getting enough antioxidants, especially preconception and in the first trimester, is important for a healthy pregnancy. Study here and here and here

    Resources
    • Mistry, H. D., & Williams, P. J. (2011). The Importance of Antioxidant Micronutrients in Pregnancy. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2011, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/841749
    • Al-Gubory, K. H., Fowler, P. A., & Garrel, C. (2010). The roles of cellular reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and antioxidants in pregnancy outcomes. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 42(10), 1634–1650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2010.06.001
    • Ebisch, I., Thomas, C., Peters, W., Braat, D., & Steegers-Theunissen, R. (2006). The importance of folate, zinc and antioxidants in the pathogenesis and prevention of subfertility. Human Reproduction Update, 13(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dml054
    About the Ingredient

    Vitamin A functions as an antioxidant in the body which is necessary to prevent oxidative stress and tissue damage. Low levels of vitamin A have been associated with secondary infertility and adequate levels are necessary for healthy reproduction and embryo development.

    Resources
    • Kalampokas, T. (2014). Vitamin A Deficiency and Female Fertility Problems: A Case Report and Mini Review of the Literature. Journal of Women’s Health Care, 03(06). https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000210

    • Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022). Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9

  • B
    About the Ingredient

    B12 is a water soluble vitamin that works in partnership with other B vitamins, especially folate, to support fertility. Women with high homocysteine (an amino acid) have been shown to experience worse reproductive outcomes. Low B12 in the setting of high homocysteine can increase the risk for miscarriage, and long-term deficiency is associated with infertility due to changes in ovulation. B12, along with folate, can help to reduce homocysteine to healthy levels.

    Resources
    • Bennett, M. (2001). Vitamin B12 deficiency, infertility and recurrent fetal loss. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11304860/

    • Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022). Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9

     

    About the Ingredient

    In addition to folate, B vitamins include B1 (Thiamin), B2 (Riboflavin), B3, B5, B6, B7 (Biotin) and B12. Research shows that regular use of a multivitamin preconception that contains the spectrum of B vitamins may decrease the risk of ovulatory infertility. Low B12 levels have been associated with low birth weight and preterm birth. B vitamins are also needed to support detoxification, DNA regulation, energy production, proper metabolism, and much more throughout pregnancy. B vitamins are especially important for strict vegetarians and vegans who often lack in one or more of these vitamins.

    Resources
    • Chavarro, J. E., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Rosner, B. A., & Willett, W. C. (2008). Use of multivitamins, intake of B vitamins, and risk of ovulatory infertility. Fertility and Sterility, 89(3), 668–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.089

    • Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022). Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9

  • C
    About the Ingredient

    Copper is an essential nutrient that works together with iron to build red blood cells. This is especially important when your blood supply increases for baby. Copper is also needed for neurohormone regulation, proper gene expression, brain development, and immune function. Low levels of copper and zinc early in the early part of pregnancy has been associated with complications during labor. Only a small amount is stored in the body and we need a safe balance of copper and zinc. When supplementing zinc, adding a small amount of copper can help maintain that balance because zinc competes with copper for absorption in the stomach.

    Resources
    About the Ingredient

    Chromium plays a role in metabolic health by supporting blood sugar control by helping the body make more insulin receptors. This is especially important during pregnancy when the chances of becoming insulin resistant increase, or if a woman develops gestational diabetes. Chromium may also have antioxidant effects.

    Resources

    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/supplement/chromium

    About the Ingredient

    Otherwise known as ascorbic acid, vitamin C is one of the body’s major antioxidants and works to increase levels of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide relaxes smooth muscle to increase blood flow which is key for supplying blood to the baby throughout pregnancy. Vitamin C also helps to trigger healthy ovulation and plays a role in all phases of wound healing, so this nutrient is important preconception, throughout pregnancy, and postpartum.

    Resources

     

    About the Ingredient

    Choline is essential for your baby’s spinal cord and brain development, gene expression, and tissue production. Getting enough choline, especially in the third trimester, may actually boost your baby’s cognitive function later in life.

    Resources
  • D
    About the Ingredient

    Vitamin D is key! Many women are low or deficient in vitamin D, especially those living at higher altitudes, women following a vegan diet, those with darker skin pigmentation, and obesity. Vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption for both mom and baby along with optimal immune function for mom. Vitamin D helps reduce the risk of miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight, pre-term birth, and post-partum depression. Study here

    Resources
    • Mithal, A, Kalra, S. (2014). Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 593–596. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.139204

    • Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022). Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9

  • E
    About the Ingredient

    Oxidative stress is natural and happens throughout placental and fetal development. However, low levels of antioxidants including Vitamin E can increase the risk of tissue damage, miscarriage, slow fetal growth, and preeclampsia. Vitamin E has also been shown to improve egg quality by protecting against oxidative damage and support the development of the uterine lining, making this nutrient especially important preconception and throughout pregnancy.

    Resources
    • Natarajan, R., Shankar, M. B., & Munuswamy, D. (2010). Effect of α-tocopherol supplementation on in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and in vitro development of preimplantation sheep embryos to the blastocyst stage. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 27(8), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-010-9430-7
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
    About the Ingredient

    Iodine is a mineral needed to support optimal thyroid function and regulate body metabolism. Mild to moderate iodine deficiency is common among women of childbearing age and low iodine levels may reduce chances of pregnancy. Requirements for iodine increase during pregnancy. Once pregnant, iodine is needed by the baby to produce thyroid hormone and support proper brain development. This makes iodine important pre-conception and throughout pregnancy.

    Resources
    About the Ingredient

    Inositol is similar to a B vitamin, but is it truly a carbohydrate that plays a role in the signaling of hormones, neurotransmitters, and impacts fertility by improving the body’s ability to use insulin. Inositol is especially effective at improving the rate of pregnancy in women with a history of infertility and those undergoing IVF treatment (in vitro fertilization). It has also been shown to improve the quality of embryos. This carbohydrate is most effective at supporting fertility if taken before and during the process of trying to get pregnant.

    Resources
    • Zheng, X., Lin, D., Zhang, Y., Lin, Y., Song, J., Li, S., & Sun, Y. (2017). Inositol supplement improves clinical pregnancy rate in infertile women undergoing ovulation induction for ICSI or IVF-ET. Medicine, 96(49), e8842. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000008842
    About the Ingredient

    Iron is needed to make red blood cells and carry oxygen to all of mom’s and baby’s body tissues. Pregnant women need at least double the amount of iron compared to non-pregnant women, and many women of childbearing age are low or deficient in iron. Having enough iron throughout pregnancy is important for the health and safety of both mom and baby.

    Resources
    • Abu-Ouf, N. M., & Jan, M. M. (2015). The impact of maternal iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia on child’s health. Saudi Medical Journal, 36(2), 146–149. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.2.10289
  • J
  • K
    About the Ingredient

    Vitamin K actually refers to a grouping of fat soluble vitamins that play a role in blood clotting/wound healing, bone metabolism, regulating blood calcium levels, and impacts levels of DHEA and testosterone which play a role in fertility. Vitamin K is needed by the baby to support proper bone growth, protein formation in the liver, and to prevent bleeding in the baby after birth which can happen in the setting of vitamin K deficiency. It is also important for mom post-delivery to ensure proper healing. This makes vitamin K especially important throughout pregnancy and postpartum.

    Resources
    • Razavi, M., Jamilian, M., Karamali, M., Bahmani, F., Aghadavod, E., & Asemi, Z. (2016). The Effects of Vitamin D-K-Calcium Co-Supplementation on Endocrine, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Vitamin D-Deficient Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 48(07), 446–451. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27050252/

    • Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022). Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9

  • L
  • M
    About the Ingredient

    Women need folate for healthy ovulation and egg development. Folate helps prevent miscarriages, spinal cord, and fetal brain injuries. Around 40% of the population has a variation to their MTHFR gene which makes it difficult to process the synthetic form of folate, known as folic acid. This can make supplements that contain the synthetic form dangerous for some women. Methylfolate is the active form that can be easily used by the body to protect both mom and baby before, during, and after pregnancy. Study here

    Resources
    • Ebisch, I. M. W. (2007). The importance of folate, zinc and antioxidants in the pathogenesis and prevention of subfertility. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17099205/

    • Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022). Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9

    About the Ingredient

    Magnesium is a cofactor for more than 300 enzymatic processes throughout the body. These enzymes regulate protein synthesis, muscle/nerve function, blood sugar control, blood pressure, and more. Magnesium deficiency is very common among women of childbearing age, and needs increase during pregnancy. Deficiency puts both mom and baby at risk for issues such as preeclampsia, poor fetal growth and low birth weight. Even with a healthy and diverse diet, our soil and food has become so depleted of magnesium, most women require some supplementation to get enough.

    Resources
    • Tarjan, A., & Zarean, E. (2017). Effect of Magnesium Supplement on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Randomized Control Trial. Advanced Biomedical Research, 6(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.213879

    • Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022). Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9

    About the Ingredient

    Manganese is a trace mineral that has many functions in the body. It plays a key role in the releasing of an egg from the ovary during a woman’s menstrual cycle, so low manganese levels can therefore contribute to infertility. Manganese is also part of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) which is one of the most important antioxidants and thus protects mom and baby against oxidative stress. Manganese also works together with calcium, zinc, copper, and others to support bone mineral density.

    Resources
    • Kim, K., Wactawski-Wende, J., Michels, K. A., Schliep, K. C., Plowden, T. C., Chaljub, E. N., & Mumford, S. L. (2018). Dietary minerals, reproductive hormone levels and sporadic anovulation: associations in healthy women with regular menstrual cycles. British Journal of Nutrition, 120(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518000818
    About the Ingredient

    Around 70% of pregnant women will experience some degree or nausea with or without vomiting, commonly referred to as ‘morning sickness.’ This is due to excess sulfite production which can become a problem if foods and liquids are difficult to keep down. Research indicates that molybdenum may help alleviate nausea by breaking down sulfite to sulfate which is then excreted from the body or reused.

    Resources
    • Taylor, C. E. (2016). A novel treatment for “morning sickness”: Nausea of pregnancy could be induced by excess sulfite which molybdenum can help alleviate. Medical Hypotheses, 95, 31–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2016.08.007
  • N
    About the Ingredient

    Niacin (B3) is required to make NAD which allows mom to convert fat, protein, and carbohydrates into energy. Variations to genes that signal the production of NAD can lead to birth defects especially in the setting of low niacin levels. Research has shown that at least one third of women may have low levels of niacin in their first trimester and by the third trimester, 60% of women had insufficient levels. This indicates that women may need more niacin than originally estimated and low levels can interfere with baby’s proper organ development. The form of niacin (niacinamide) found in WeNatal for Her does not cause a flushing sensation that is common with niacin supplementation.

    Resources
  • O
  • P
    About the Ingredient

    Pantothenic acid, B5, is part of the b-complex vitamins and is needed to convert fat, protein, and carbohydrates into energy. Blood levels of B5 significantly decrease during pregnancy and deficiency has been associated with low birth weight.

    Resources
  • Q
  • R
    About the Ingredient

    In addition to folate, B vitamins include B1 (Thiamin), B2 (Riboflavin), B3, B5, B6, B7 (Biotin) and B12. Research shows that regular use of a multivitamin preconception that contains the spectrum of B vitamins may decrease the risk of ovulatory infertility. Low B12 levels have been associated with low birth weight and preterm birth. B vitamins are also needed to support detoxification, DNA regulation, energy production, proper metabolism, and much more throughout pregnancy. B vitamins are especially important for strict vegetarians and vegans who often lack in one or more of these vitamins.

    Resources
    • Chavarro, J. E., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Rosner, B. A., & Willett, W. C. (2008). Use of multivitamins, intake of B vitamins, and risk of ovulatory infertility. Fertility and Sterility, 89(3), 668–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.089

    • Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022). Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9

  • S
    About the Ingredient

    Selenium is a trace mineral that functions as a potent antioxidant in the body. It also plays a role in thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and can significantly impact fertility. Low selenium levels has been linked to increase risk of miscarriage as well as damage to the nervous and immune systems of the developing baby. Selenium also supports healthy follicles within the ovaries which play a role in the development and release of the egg. This makes selenium especially important both preconception and during pregnancy.

    Resources
  • T
    About the Ingredient

    In addition to folate, B vitamins include B1 (Thiamin), B2 (Riboflavin), B3, B5, B6, B7 (Biotin) and B12. Research shows that regular use of a multivitamin preconception that contains the spectrum of B vitamins may decrease the risk of ovulatory infertility. Low B12 levels have been associated with low birth weight and preterm birth. B vitamins are also needed to support detoxification, DNA regulation, energy production, proper metabolism, and much more throughout pregnancy. B vitamins are especially important for strict vegetarians and vegans who often lack in one or more of these vitamins.

    Resources
    • Chavarro, J. E., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Rosner, B. A., & Willett, W. C. (2008). Use of multivitamins, intake of B vitamins, and risk of ovulatory infertility. Fertility and Sterility, 89(3), 668–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.089

    • Adams, J. B., Kirby, J. K., Sorensen, J. C., Pollard, E. L., & Audhya, T. (2022). Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9

  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z
    About the Ingredient

    Zinc has antioxidant-like properties that can help reduce oxidative stress and also plays a key role in the immune system and supporting gut health. Many women of childbearing age have mild or moderate zinc deficiency and over 80% of women do not get enough zinc in their diet. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy has been associated with a reduction in preterm birth and lower risk of infections.

    Resources
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Nutrient density of 8 capsules packed into 3 per day

Nutrient density of 8 capsules packed into 3 per day

Our innovative manufacturing requires no lubricants, fillers, chemical binders, or flow agents. That means we can pack more nutrients into fewer pills. Most comparable prenatals require 6 - 8 pills to reach the same nutrient density.

Core Ingredients for Men’s Preconception Supplements

Nutritional label
  • A
    About the Ingredient

    L-Carnitine is a nutrient similar to an amino acid (a building block of protein) that is produced by the body and helps transport fat and carbohydrates so they can be used for energy. L-carnitine has antioxidant-like properties, improves the quality of semen, and provides energy to sperm which improves sperm motility.

    Resources
    • Mongioi, L., Calogero, A. E., Vicari, E., Condorelli, R. A., Russo, G. I., Privitera, S., Morgia, G., & La Vignera, S. (2016). The role of carnitine in male infertility. Andrology, 4(5), 800–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12191
    • Aliabadi, E., Mehranjani, M. S., Borzoei, Z., Talaei-Khozani, T., Mirkhani, H., & Tabesh, H. (2012). Effects of L-carnitine and L-acetyl-carnitine on testicular sperm motility and chromatin quality. PubMed. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163266/
    About the Ingredient

    Vitamin A functions as an antioxidant in the body which is necessary to prevent oxidative stress and sperm damage. Vitamin A also plays a key role in the direct regulation and development of sperm. Low levels of vitamin A increase risk of birth defects and low levels are common in individuals following a strict vegetarian and low fat diet.

    Resources

    Hogarth, C. A., & Griswold, M. D. (2010). The key role of vitamin A in spermatogenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 120(4), 956–962. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci41303

    About the Ingredient

    One of the most important factors that can damage sperm and impact fertility is overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress. Think of this as the process of rusting. Antioxidants found in WeNatal for Him include Selenium, Vitamin A, C, E, CoQ10, and NAC. As a group, these nutrients provide excellent protection against sperm damage. These antioxidants can also help neutralize damage that has already been done, and are therefore key before pregnancy occurs.

    Resources
  • B
    About the Ingredient

    B12 is a water soluble vitamin that works in partnership with other B vitamins, especially folate, to support fertility in a variety of ways. B12 has been shown to increase sperm count, improve sperm motility, and is vital for semen quality.

     

    B12 is able to provide these benefits likely due to its ability to keep homocysteine within a healthy range, increase nitric oxide production which supports vasodilation and blood flow, reduce inflammation, as well as reduce accumulation of free radical buildup.

    Resources
    About the Ingredient

    In addition to methylfolate, B vitamins include B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7 (Biotin) and B12. Especially for those who have the MTHFR genetic polymorphism, blood levels of B vitamins – especially B9 and B12 – improved sperm parameters such as sperm count, motility, and sperm DNA. The B vitamins work together, so it is best to take a multivitamin that contains the proper balance of all of the B vitamins. Due to the prevalence of the MTHFR polymorphism, we make sure to use only methylated forms of B vitamins that can be easily and effectively used by all men.

    Resources
    • Najafipour, R., Moghbelinejad, S., Aleyasin, A., & Jalilvand, A. (2017). Effect of B9 and B12 vitamin intake on semen parameters and fertility of men withMTHFRpolymorphisms. Andrology, 5(4), 704–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12351
    About the Ingredient
    Resources
    About the Ingredient

    B6, also known as pyridoxine, plays many roles in supporting fertility as well as cardiometabolic health. Low B6 can lead to hormone imbalance and poor sperm quality. Also, having optimal levels of B6 is one of the B vitamins needed to keep homocysteine, an amino acid, at a healthy level. High homocysteine levels can increase risk of heart disease and excess homocysteine in sperm have been associated with poorer quality embryos. This makes B6 important both before conception and after for dad’s optimal heart health.

    Resources
  • C
    About the Ingredient

    Otherwise known as ascorbic acid, Vitamin C is one of the body’s major antioxidants which helps to protect against free radical damage to sperm. Research also indicates that vitamin C supplementation in infertile men can improve sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm quality towards conception.

    Resources
    • Akmal, M., Qadri, J., Al-Waili, N. S., Thangal, S., Haq, A., & Saloom, K. Y. (2006). Improvement in Human Semen Quality After Oral Supplementation of Vitamin C. Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(3), 440–442. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.9.440
    About the Ingredient

    Copper is an essential nutrient that works together with iron to build red blood cells. Excess copper and low copper levels have both been associated with a reduction in male fertility due to changes in sperm level, hormone production, and use of nutrients including iron and zinc. Having the proper balance of these nutrients, especially copper, is important for male fertility.

    Resources
    • Ogórek, M., Gąsior, U., Pierzchała, O., Daszkiewicz, R., & Lenartowicz, M. (2017). Role of copper in the process of spermatogenesis. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej, 71(1), 0. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3846
    About the Ingredient

    CoQ10 works to support energy production in the mitochondria of the cells and it also functions as an antioxidant. It is known that oxidative stress contributes to male infertility and research shows that CoQ10 supplementation improved sperm concentration, motility, and reduced oxidative stress markers. The improvements were seen progressively increase over 3 months of regular CoQ10 supplementation.

    Resources
    • Alahmar, A. T., Calogero, A. E., Sengupta, P., & Dutta, S. (2021). Coenzyme Q10 Improves Sperm Parameters, Oxidative Stress Markers and Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Infertile Patients with Idiopathic Oligoasthenozoospermia. The World Journal of Men’s Health, 39(2), 346. https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.190145
  • D
    About the Ingredient

    Many men are vitamin D insufficient or deficient, especially those who are obese and those living at higher latitudes. For men’s fertility, vitamin D3 plays the most significant role in improving sperm motility. Having vitamin D in the healthy range has also been correlated with higher pregnancy rates. Vitamin D is also key for optimal immune function.

    Resources
    • Cito, G., Cocci, A., Micelli, E., Gabutti, A., Russo, G. I., Coccia, M. E., Franco, G., Serni, S., Carini, M., & Natali, A. (2020). Vitamin D and Male Fertility: An Updated Review. The World Journal of Men’s Health, 38(2), 164. https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.190057
  • E
    About the Ingredient

    Vitamin E refers to a family of eight antioxidants, known as tocopherols. These antioxidants protect sperm against free radical damage and research has demonstrated that vitamin E along with other antioxidant nutrients may improve sperm count, motility, and quality in infertile men. Research has also demonstrated that supplementation of selenium and vitamin E may further enhance semen quality and sperm motility in infertile men.

    Resources
    • Ahmadi, S., Bashiri, R., Ghadiri-Anari, A., & Nadjarzadeh, A. (2016). Antioxidant supplements and semen parameters: An evidence based review. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine, 14(12), 729–736. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28066832/

     

    • Vézina, D., Mauffette, F., Roberts, K. D., & Bleau, G. (1996b). Selenium-vitamin E supplementation in infertile men. Biological Trace Element Research, 53(1–3), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02784546
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
    About the Ingredient

    Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays several roles in health and fertility. In men, research suggests that vitamin K2 plays a role in sperm maturation and supplementation may improve sperm count. Beyond fertility, vitamin K2 plays a role in blood clotting, bone health, and needs are actually higher in men than women.

  • L
  • M
    About the Ingredient

    Around 40% of the population has a variation to their MTHFR gene which controls methylation throughout the body and makes it difficult to process the synthetic form of folate, known as folic acid. Methylation abnormalities of sperm have been linked to male infertility by negatively impacting sperm count and quality. About 50% of couples who struggle with infertility are due to male factors. Getting the active form of folate, methylfolate, can have a huge impact on men who struggle to process synthetic folic acid found in many prenatals and multivitamins.

    Resources
    • Gong, M., Dong, W., He, T., Shi, Z., Huang, G., Ren, R., Huang, S., Qiu, S., & Yuan, R. (2015). MTHFR 677C>T Polymorphism Increases the Male Infertility Risk: A Meta-Analysis Involving 26 Studies. PLOS ONE, 10(3), e0121147. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121147
    • Servy, E. J., Jacquesson-Fournols, L., Cohen, M., & Menezo, Y. J. R. (2018). MTHFR isoform carriers. 5-MTHF (5-methyl tetrahydrofolate) vs folic acid: a key to pregnancy outcome: a case series. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 35(8), 1431–1435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-018-1225-2
  • N
    About the Ingredient

    NAC functions in the body as an antioxidant which is necessary to prevent oxidative stress and sperm damage. Research shows that NAC supplementation reduces oxidative damage, improves antioxidant status, and may improve sperm quality, volume, motility, and viscosity in infertile men.

    Resources
    • Jannatifar, R., Parivar, K., Roodbari, N. H., & Nasr-Esfahani, M. H. (2019). Effects of N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation on sperm quality, chromatin integrity and level of oxidative stress in infertile men. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-019-0468-9
    • Ciftci, H., Verit, A., Savas, M., Yeni, E., & Erel, O. (2009). Effects of N-acetylcysteine on Semen Parameters and Oxidative/Antioxidant Status. Urology, 74(1), 73–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2009.02.034
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    Selenium is a trace mineral that functions as a potent antioxidant in the body, therefore protecting sperm against oxidative damage. It also plays a role in thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and can significantly impact fertility. Low levels of selenium have been linked to poor semen quality and sperm motility. Research has also demonstrated that supplementation of selenium and vitamin E may further enhance semen quality and sperm motility in infertile men.

    Resources
    • Pieczyńska, J., & Grajeta, H. (2015). The role of selenium in human conception and pregnancy. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 29, 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.07.003
    • Vézina, D., Mauffette, F., Roberts, K. D., & Bleau, G. (1996). Selenium-vitamin E supplementation in infertile men. Biological Trace Element Research, 53(1–3), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02784546
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    Zinc has antioxidant-like properties that can help reduce oxidative stress and it is also an important mineral to support the immune system and gut health. However, zinc is most recognized for its role in sperm formation, testosterone balance, maintaining the lining of reproductive organs, and supporting proper thyroid function.

    Resources
    • Fallah, A., Mohammad-Hasani, A., & Colagar, A. H. (2018). Zinc is an Essential Element for Male Fertility: A Review of Zn Roles in Men’s Health, Germination, Sperm Quality, and Fertilization. PubMed Central (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6010824/
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