Our Lab
Pregnancy, Fertility, and Preconception Research Articles
We've done our homework so you don't have to.
(If you’re the nerdy type like we are, you’ll love this page)
Sperm count and quality matter—and they're easy to improve.
- The Effect of Nutrients and Dietary Supplements on Sperm Quality Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
- Maximizing Male Fertility
- The effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on miscarriage rates
- Environmental Factors Affecting Sperm Count
- Genetic Considerations in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- Nutrient supplementation: improving male fertility fourfold
- Recurrent miscarriage linked to faulty sperm
- Sperm Could Be a Bigger Factor in Miscarriages
- Sperm DNA fragmentation is correlated with poor embryo development, lower implantation rate, and higher miscarriage rate
- Sperm Epigenetics and Its Impact on Male Fertility, Pregnancy Loss, and Health of Future Offsprings
- A Systematic Review and Evidence-based Analysis of Ingredients in Popular Male Fertility Supplements
- Falling sperm counts
- Plummeting sperm counts, shrinking penises: toxic chemicals threaten humanity
- Fertility and the aging male
- Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries

You have some control over how healthy your eggs are when you conceive.

Healthy bodies are more likely to produce healthy pregnancies and babies, so it’s beneficial for both people to begin taking prenatal supplements at least six months before conception.
- Evidence based recommendations for an optimal prenatal supplement for women in the US: vitamins and related nutrients
- Before the beginning: nutrition and lifestyle in the preconception period and its importance for future health
- Nutrition And Reproduction: Is There Evidence To Support A “Fertility Diet” To Improve Mitochondrial Function?
- Origins of lifetime health around the time of conception: causes and consequences
Studies in Support of Our Ingredients

Antioxidants (including selenium, manganese, and vitamins A, C, and E)
- Female dietary antioxidant intake and time to pregnancy among couples treated for unexplained infertility
- Lutein and preterm infants with decreased concentrations of brain carotenoids
- Monitoring Maternal Beta Carotene and Retinol Consumption May Decrease the Incidence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring
- Reproductive aging results in a reconfigured ovarian antioxidant defense profile in rats
- The importance of antioxidant micronutrients in pregnancy
- The importance of folate, zinc and antioxidants in the pathogenesis and prevention of subfertility
- The roles of cellular reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in pregnancy outcomes
- Vitamin K supplementation during pregnancy for improving outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
B Vitamins
Choline
- Choline: Critical Role During Fetal Development and Dietary Requirements in Adults
- Eating more foods with choline during pregnancy could boost baby’s brain
Copper
- National Institutes of Health Copper fact sheet for health professionals
- Zinc and copper in pregnancy, correlations to fetal and maternal complications
Iodine
- Iodine Supplementation for Pregnancy and Lactation — United States and Canada: Recommendations of the American Thyroid Association
- Iodine and Breastfeeding
Inositol
- Inositol and In Vitro Fertilization with Embryo Transfer
- Inositol supplement improves clinical pregnancy rate in infertile women undergoing ovulation induction for ICSI or IVF-ET
- Nutritional Intervention Preconception and During Pregnancy to Maintain Healthy Glucose Metabolism and Offspring Health (“NiPPeR”): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Iron
- The impact of maternal iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia on child’s health
- Iron intake and risk of ovulatory infertility
Magnesium
- Effect of Magnesium Supplement on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Randomized Control Trial
- Magnesium in pregnancy
Methylfolate
- The impact of dietary folate intake on reproductive function in premenopausal women: a prospective cohort study
- The importance of folate, zinc and antioxidants in the pathogenesis and prevention of subfertility
- Polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene influence embryo viability and the incidence of aneuploidy
- Preconception folic acid treatment affects the microenvironment of the maturing oocyte in humans
Molybdenum
Vitamin A
- Monitoring Maternal Beta Carotene and Retinol Consumption May Decrease the Incidence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring
- Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy
Vitamin D
- Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy
- Vitamin D deficiency and fetal growth
- Maternal vitamin D and fetal growth in early-onset severe preeclampsia
Zinc

Acetyl L-Carnitine (an antioxidant)
- The Effect of Nutrients and Dietary Supplements on Sperm Quality Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
- Effects of L-carnitine and L-acetyl-carnitine on testicular sperm motility and chromatin quality
- Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the seminal plasma predicts the effectiveness of L-carnitine to improve sperm function in men with infertility
- Role of L-carnitine in male infertility
Antioxidants (including N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, selenium, and vitamins A, C, and E)
- Antioxidants for male subfertility
- A systematic review of the effect of oral antioxidants on male infertility
- Etiologies of sperm oxidative stress
B Vitamins
CoEnzyme Q10 (an antioxidant)
- Coenzyme Q10 concentrations in normal and pathological human seminal fluid
- Coenzyme Q10 Improves Sperm Parameters, Oxidative Stress Markers and Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Infertile Patients with Idiopathic Oligoasthenozoospermia
- Effect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress of seminal plasma: a double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Copper
Methylfolate
- Effect of B9 and B12 vitamin intake on semen parameters and fertility of men with MTHFR polymorphisms
- MTHFR isoform carriers. 5-MTHF (5-methyl tetrahydrofolate) vs folic acid: a key to pregnancy outcome: a case series
- MTHFR 677C>T Polymorphism Increases the Male Infertility Risk: A Meta-Analysis Involving 26 Studies
- Paternal preconception folate intake in relation to gestational age at delivery and birthweight of newborns conceived through assisted reproduction
Vitamin D
- Vitamin D and Male Fertility: An Updated Review
- The role of vitamin D in male fertility: A focus on the testis
Zinc
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